Friedrich Engels (1820–1895) was a German social scientist, author, political theorist, philosopher, and father of Marxist theory, together with Karl Marx. In 1845 he published The Condition of the Working Class in England, based on personal observations and research in Manchester. In 1848 he co-authored The Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx. Later he supported Marx financially to do research and write Das Kapital. After Marx's death, Engels edited the second and third volumes.